英語(yǔ)二級(jí)筆譯試題
英語(yǔ)筆譯二級(jí)考試是人事部全國(guó)翻譯資格證考試，二級(jí)證書的認(rèn)可度很大，含金量高。下面是小編分享的英語(yǔ)筆譯二級(jí)真題，希望能幫到大家!
英語(yǔ)二級(jí)筆譯試題 1
1. 閱讀第一篇選自《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》，原文標(biāo)題為：Few Biologists but Many Evangelicals Sign Anti-Evolution Petition
節(jié)選部分內(nèi)容如下：
In the recent skirmishes over evolution, advocates who have pushed to dilute its teaching have regularly pointed to a petition signed by 514 scientists and engineers.
The petition, they say, is proof that scientific doubt over evolution persists. But random interviews with 20 people who signed the petition and a review of the public statements of more than a dozen others suggest that many are evangelical Christians, whose doubts about evolution grew out of their religious beliefs. And even the petitions sponsor, the Discovery Institute in Seattle, says that only a quarter of the signers are biologists, whose field is most directly concerned with evolution. The other signers include 76 chemists, 75 engineers, 63 physicists and 24 professors of medicine.
The petition was started in 2001 by the institute, which champions intelligent design as an alternative theory to evolution and supports a "teach the controversy" approach, like the one scuttled by the state Board of Education in Ohio last week.
Institute officials said that 41 people added their names to the petition after a federal judge ruled in December against the Dover, Pa., school districts attempt to present intelligent design as an alternative to evolution.
"Early on, the critics said there was nobody who disbelieved Darwins theory except for rubes in the woods," said Bruce Chapman, president of the institute. "How many does it take to be a noticeable minority — 10, 50, 100, 500?"
Mr. Chapman said the petition showed "there is a minority of scientists who disagree with Darwins theory, and it is not just a handful."
The petition makes no mention of intelligent design, the proposition that life is so complex that it is best explained as the design of an intelligent being. Rather, it states: "We are skeptical of claims for the ability of random mutation and natural selection to account for the complexity of life. Careful examination of the evidence for Darwinian theory should be encouraged."
A Web site with the full list of those who signed the petition was made available yesterday by the institute at . The signers all claim doctorates in science or engineering. The list includes a few nationally prominent scientists like James M. Tour, a professor of chemistry at Rice University; Rosalind W. Picard, director of the affective computing research group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and Philip S. Skell, an emeritus professor of chemistry at Penn State who is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
It also includes many with more modest positions, like Thomas H. Marshall, director of public works in Delaware, Ohio, who has a doctorate in environmental ecology. The Discovery Institute says 128 signers hold degrees in the biological sciences and 26 in biochemistry. That leaves more than 350 nonbiologists, including Dr. Tour, Dr. Picard and Dr. Skell.Of the 128 biologists who signed, few conduct research that would directly address the question of what shaped the history of life.
Of the signers who are evangelical Christians, most defend their doubts on scientific grounds but also say that evolution runs against their religious beliefs.
Several said that their doubts began when they increased their involvement with Christian churches.
Some said they read the Bible literally and doubt not only evolution but also findings of geology and cosmology that show the universe and the earth to be billions of years old.
Scott R. Fulton, a professor of mathematics and computer science at Clarkson University in Potsdam, N.Y., who signed the petition, said that the argument for intelligent design was "very interesting and promising."
He said he thought his religious belief was "not particularly relevant" in how he judged intelligent design. "It probably influences in the sense in that it makes me very interested in the questions," he said. "When I see scientific evidence that points to God, I find that encouraging."
Roger J. Lien, a professor of poultry science at Auburn, said he received a copy of the petition from Christian friends.
"I stuck my name on it," he said. "Basically, it states what I believe."
Dr. Lien said that he grew up in California in a family that was not deeply religious and that he accepted evolution through much of his scientific career. He said he became a Christian about a decade ago, six years after he joined the Auburn faculty.
"The world is broken, and we humans and our science cant fix it," Dr. Lien said. "I was brought to Jesus Christ and God and creationism and believing in the Bible."
He also said he thought that evolution was "inconsistent with what the Bible says."
Another signer is Dr. Gregory J. Brewer, a professor of cell biology at the Southern Illinois University medical school. Like other skeptics, he readily accepts what he calls "microevolution," the ability of species to adapt to changing conditions in their environment. But he holds to the opinion that science has not convincingly shown that one species can evolve into another.
"I think theres a lot of problems with evolutionary dogma," said Dr. Brewer, who also does not accept the scientific consensus that the universe is billions of years old. "Scientifically, I think there are other possibilities, one of which would be intelligent design. Based on faith, I do believe in the creation account."
Dr. Tour, who developed the "nano-car" — a single molecule in the shape of a car, with four rolling wheels — said he remained open-minded about evolution.
"I respect that work," said Dr. Tour, who describes himself as a Messianic Jew, one who also believes in Christ as the Messiah.
But he said his experience in chemistry and nanotechnology had showed him how hard it was to maneuver atoms and molecules. He found it hard to believe, he said, that nature was able to produce the machinery of cells through random processes. The explanations offered by evolution, he said, are incomplete.
"I cant make the jumps, the leaps they make in the explanations," Dr. Tour said. "Will I or other scientists likely be able to makes those jumps in the future? Maybe."
Opposing petitions have sprung up. The National Center for Science Education, which has battled efforts to dilute the teaching of evolution, has sponsored a pro-evolution petition signed by 700 scientists named Steve, in honor of Stephen Jay Gould, the Harvard paleontologist who died in 2002.
The petition affirms that evolution is "a vital, well-supported, unifying principle of the biological sciences."
Mr. Chapman of that institute said the opposing petitions were beside the point. "We never claimed were in a fight for numbers," he said.
Discovery officials said that they did not ask the religious beliefs of the signers and that such beliefs were not relevant. John G. West, a senior fellow at Discovery, said it was "stunning hypocrisy" to ask signers about their religion "while treating the religious beliefs of the proponents of Darwin as irrelevant."
2. 閱讀第三篇選自《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》，原文標(biāo)題為：Richard Prince Lawsuit Focuses on Limits of Appropriation
節(jié)選部分內(nèi)容如下：
In March a federal district court judge in Manhattan ruled that Mr. Prince — whose career was built on appropriating imagery created by others — broke the law by taking photographs from a book about Rastafarians and using them without permission to create the collages and a series of paintings based on them, which quickly sold for serious money even by today’s gilded art-world standards: almost $2.5 million for one of the works. (“Wow — yeah,” Mr. Prince said when a lawyer asked him under oath in the district court case if that figure was correct.)
The decision, by Judge Deborah A. Batts, set off alarm bells throughout Chelsea and in museums across America that show contemporary art. At the heart of the case, which Mr. Prince is now appealing, is the principle called fair use, a kind of door in the bulwark of copyright protections. It gives artists (or anyone for that matter) the ability to use someone else’s material for certain purposes, especially if the result transforms the thing used — or as Judge Pierre N. Leval described it in an influential 1990 law review article, if the new thing “adds value to the original” so that society as a whole is culturally enriched by it. In the most famous test of the principle, the Supreme Court in 1994 found a possibility of fair use by the group 2 Live Crew in its sampling of parts of Roy Orbison’s “Oh Pretty Woman” for the sake of one form of added value, parody.
In the Prince case the notoriously slippery standard for transformation was defined so narrowly that artists and museums warned it would leave the fair-use door barely open, threatening the robust tradition of appropriation that goes back at least to Picasso and underpins much of the art of the last half-century. Several museums, including the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan, rallied to the cause, filing papers supporting Mr. Prince and calling the decision a blow to “the strong public interest in the free flow of creative expression.” Scholars and lawyers on the other side of the debate hailed it instead as a welcome corrective in an art world too long in thrall to the Pictures Generation — artists like Mr. Prince who used appropriation beginning in the 1970s to burrow beneath the surface of media culture.
But if the case has had any effect so far, it has been to drag into the public arena a fundamental truth hovering somewhere just outside the legal debate: that today’s flow of creative expression, riding a tide of billions of instantly accessible digital images and clips, is rapidly becoming so free and recycling so reflexive that it is hard to imagine it being slowed, much less stanched, whatever happens in court. It is a phenomenon that makes Mr. Prince’s artful thefts — those collages in the law firm’s office — look almost Victorian by comparison, and makes the copyright battle and its attendant fears feel as if they are playing out in another era as well, perhaps not Victorian but certainly pre-Internet.
In many ways the art world is a latecomer to the kinds of copyright tensions that have already played out in fields like music and movies, where extensive systems of policing, permission and licensing have evolved. But art lawyers say that legal challenges are now coming at a faster pace, perhaps in part because the art market has become a much bigger business and because of the extent of the borrowing ethos.
an art world too long in thrall to the Pictures Generation — artists like Mr. Prince who used appropriation beginning in the 1970s to burrow beneath the surface of media culture.
But if the case has had any effect so far, it has been to drag into the public arena a fundamental truth hovering somewhere just outside the legal debate: that today’s flow of creative expression, riding a tide of billions of instantly accessible digital images and clips, is rapidly becoming so free and recycling so reflexive that it is hard to imagine it being slowed, much less stanched, whatever happens in court. It is a phenomenon that makes Mr. Prince’s artful thefts — those collages in the law firm’s office — look almost Victorian by comparison, and makes the copyright battle and its attendant fears feel as if they are playing out in another era as well, perhaps not Victorian but certainly pre-Internet.
In many ways the art world is a latecomer to the kinds of copyright tensions that have already played out in fields like music and movies, where extensive systems of policing, permission and licensing have evolved. But art lawyers say that legal challenges are now coming at a faster pace, perhaps in part because the art market has become a much bigger business and because of the extent of the borrowing ethos.
英語(yǔ)二級(jí)筆譯試題 2
Passage 1
原文標(biāo)題為：Translation as Literary Ambassador
The runaway success of ’s “Millennium” trilogy suggests that when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at least willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction. But for work from other regions, in other genres, winning the interest of big publishing houses and readers in the United States remains a steep uphill struggle.
Among foreign cultural institutes and publishers, the traditional American aversion to literature in translation is known as “the 3 percent problem.” But now, hoping to increase their minuscule share of the American book market — about 3 percent — foreign governments and foundations, especially those on the margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the publishing fray in the United States.
Increasingly, that campaign is no longer limited to widely spoken languages like French and German. From Romania to Catalonia to Iceland, cultural institutes and agencies are subsidizing publication of books in English, underwriting the training of translators, encouraging their writers to tour in the United States, submitting to American marketing and promotional techniques they may have previously shunned and exploiting existing niches in the publishing industry.
“We have established this as a strategic objective, a long-term commitment to break through the American market,” said Corina Suteu, who leads the New York branch of the European Union National Institutes for Culture and directs the . “For nations in Europe, be they small or large, literature will always be one of the keys of their cultural existence, and we recognize that this is the only way we are going to be able to make that literature present in the United States.”
For instance, the Dalkey Archive Press, a small publishing house in Champaign, Ill., that for more than 25 years has specialized in translated works, this year began a Slovenian Literature Series, underwritten by official groups in Slovenia, once part of Yugoslavia. The series’s first book, “Necropolis,” by Boris Pahor, is a powerful World War II concentration-camp memoir that has been compared to the best of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and has been followed by Andrej Blatnik’s “You Do Understand,” a rather absurdist but still touching collection of sketches and parables about love and intimacy.
Dalkey has also begun or is about to begin similar series in Hebrew and Catalan, and with Switzerland and Mexico, the last of which will consist of four books yearly for six years. In each case a financing agency in the host country is subsidizing publication and participating in promotion and marketing in the United States, an effort that can easily require $10,000 or more a book.
Passage 2
原文標(biāo)題為：Argentina Hopes for a Big Payoff in Its Shale Oil Field Discovery
Just east of Argentina’s Andean foothills, an field called the Vaca Muerta — “dead cow” in English — has finally come to life.
In May, the Argentine oil company YPF announced that it had found 150 million barrels of oil in the Patagonian field, and President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner rushed onto national television to praise the discovery as something that could give new impetus to the country’s long-stagnant economy.
“The importance of this discovery goes well beyond the volume,” said Sebastián Eskenazi, YPF’s chief executive, as he announced the find. “The important thing is it is something new: new energy, a new future, new expectations.”
Although there are significant hurdles, geologists say that the Vaca Muerta is a harbinger of a possible major expansion of global petroleum supplies over the next two decades as the industry uses advanced techniques to extract oil from shale and other tightly packed rocks.
Oil experts caution that geologists have only just begun to study shale fields in much of the world, and thus can only guess at their potential. Little seismic work has been completed, and core samples need to be retrieved from thousands of feet below the surface to judge how much oil or gas can be retrieved.
Skeptics also say that even if oil is found in many of these fields, some may not be recoverable using current technology.
Argentina certainly has high hopes for shale oil from the southern Patagonian province of Neuquén. The 150 million barrels of recoverable shale oil found in the Vaca Muerta represents an increase of 8 percent in Argentina’s reserves, and the find was the biggest discovery of oil in the country since the late 1980s.
Oil experts say the Vaca Muerta is probably just a start for Argentina, long a middle-ranked oil producer. Mr. Lynch noted that YPF had explored only 100 square miles out of 5,000 square miles in the whole shale deposit, and other oil companies working in the area had not announced any discoveries yet.
So far, nearly all of the oil exploration in the shale fields in Argentina and elsewhere has been pursued with traditional vertical wells. Plans are just beginning for horizontal drilling.
Some experts caution that the fast advance of oil production from shale in the United States is no guarantee of similar successes abroad, at least not in the near future.
漢譯英
和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。上個(gè)世紀(jì)，人類經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，生靈涂炭，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展遭受嚴(yán)重挫折。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠快速增長(zhǎng)，主要得益于相對(duì)和平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際環(huán)境。
我們應(yīng)該恪守聯(lián)合國(guó)憲法和章程宗旨和原則，充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國(guó)及其安理會(huì)在維護(hù)和平、締造和平、建設(shè)和平方面的核心作用。堅(jiān)持通過對(duì)話和協(xié)商，以和平方式解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端。
我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持國(guó)家不論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富都是國(guó)際社會(huì)平等一員，以民主、包容、合作、共贏的精神實(shí)現(xiàn)共同安全，做到一國(guó)內(nèi)部的事情一國(guó)自主辦、大家共同的事情大家商量辦，堅(jiān)定不移奉行多邊主義和國(guó)際合作，推進(jìn)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。
我們應(yīng)該營(yíng)造支持各國(guó)根據(jù)本國(guó)國(guó)情實(shí)現(xiàn)和平、穩(wěn)定、繁榮的國(guó)際環(huán)境。應(yīng)該本著求同存異的原則，尊重各國(guó)主權(quán)和選擇發(fā)展道路和發(fā)展模式的權(quán)利，尊重文明多樣性，在交流互鑒、取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短中相得益彰、共同進(jìn)步。
參考譯文：
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era. The World Bank statistics show that none of the countries persistently under violent conflict has achieved the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To maintain world peace and stability so that the people can live a happy and prosperous life is the primary responsibility for governments and leaders of all countries.
We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.
We should foster an international environment that supports efforts of countries to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in the light of their national circumstances. We should respect the sovereignty of all countries and their right to choose their development paths and models in keeping with the principle of seeking common ground while shelving differences. And we should respect the diversity of civilizations and pursue common progress through mutual learning and drawing on each others strength.
第二篇：
中國(guó)將逐步告別白熾燈時(shí)代
中國(guó)準(zhǔn)備徹底淘汰有著130年使用歷史的普通照明用白熾燈。11月1日國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委、商務(wù)部、海關(guān)總署、國(guó)家工商總局、國(guó)家質(zhì)檢總局聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于逐步禁止進(jìn)口和銷售普通照明白熾燈的公告》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《公告》)，決定從2012年10月1日起，按功率大小分階段逐步禁止進(jìn)口和銷售普通照明白熾燈。
1882年中國(guó)第一盞電燈在上海點(diǎn)亮，這使得中國(guó)逐漸告別了油燈和蠟燭照明的歷史(這句話為第二篇的第一句話)，當(dāng)時(shí)使用的電燈就是白熾燈，這一用就是130年，中國(guó)也成為白熾燈的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大國(guó)，2010年中國(guó)白熾燈產(chǎn)量和銷量分別為38.5億只和10.7億只。
目前中國(guó)準(zhǔn)備將白熾燈淘汰，在全國(guó)普及節(jié)能燈。國(guó)家發(fā)改委資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護(hù)司副司長(zhǎng)謝極介紹，淘汰白熾燈是為了節(jié)能減排。中國(guó)節(jié)能燈市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)逐步形成，用節(jié)能燈替換白熾燈后中國(guó)將實(shí)現(xiàn)年節(jié)電480億千瓦時(shí)、年減少二氧化碳排放4800萬(wàn)噸。
謝極說，今年是中國(guó)“十二五”規(guī)劃開局之年，聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化德班會(huì)議開幕在即，中國(guó)發(fā)布逐步淘汰白熾燈的公告，再次表明政府深入開展綠色照明工程、大力推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排、積極應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)決心和采取的積極行動(dòng)。
分五階段進(jìn)行
根據(jù)《公告》，中國(guó)逐步淘汰白熾燈分為五個(gè)階段：2011年11月1日至2012年9月30日為過渡期;2012年10月1日起禁止進(jìn)口和銷售100瓦及以上普通照明白熾燈;2014年10月1日起禁止進(jìn)口和銷售60瓦及以上普通照明白熾燈;2015年10月1日至2016年9月30日為中期評(píng)估期;2016年10月1日起禁止進(jìn)口和銷售15瓦及以上普通照明白熾燈，或視中期評(píng)估結(jié)果進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
謝極說，目前一些白熾燈生產(chǎn)企業(yè)已經(jīng)著手轉(zhuǎn)型工作，淘汰白熾燈的相關(guān)工作將穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。發(fā)改委資料顯示，2010年中國(guó)年產(chǎn)白熾燈1億只以上的大型企業(yè)有10家，產(chǎn)量占全行業(yè)總產(chǎn)量的70%以上。
早在1996年，中國(guó)就啟動(dòng)實(shí)施了“綠色照明工程”，并與聯(lián)合國(guó)開發(fā)計(jì)劃署、全球環(huán)境基金開展了三期綠色照明國(guó)際合作項(xiàng)目。
《公告》說，中國(guó)綠色照明工程的實(shí)施，推動(dòng)了照明電器行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的`優(yōu)化升級(jí)和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的整體提升，節(jié)能燈和白熾燈的產(chǎn)量比由1996年的1：34上升至2010年的1：1。中國(guó)節(jié)能燈生產(chǎn)企業(yè)不斷擴(kuò)大，2010年中國(guó)節(jié)能燈總產(chǎn)量約42.6億只，約占全球總產(chǎn)量的80%，其中年產(chǎn)量5000萬(wàn)只以上規(guī)模企業(yè)約20家，占全行業(yè)總產(chǎn)量的82.2%。
謝極說，經(jīng)過多年努力，中國(guó)節(jié)能燈產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量水平日益提高，一些企業(yè)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和工藝水平已達(dá)到世界領(lǐng)先水平。此外，半導(dǎo)體照明等新興高效照明技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速。“高效照明產(chǎn)品及技術(shù)的日益成熟為逐步淘汰白熾燈提供了重要保障�！敝x說。
國(guó)家電光源監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)中心主任華樹明介紹，合格的節(jié)能燈使用壽命在6000小時(shí)以上，是白熾燈的六倍。一只13瓦的節(jié)能燈光效相當(dāng)于60瓦的白熾燈，使用6000小時(shí)電費(fèi)比使用白熾燈要少128元。用節(jié)能燈替代白熾燈可節(jié)電60%至80%。
節(jié)能燈因節(jié)約電也得到了老百姓的認(rèn)可。發(fā)改委的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)節(jié)能燈的全球市場(chǎng)占有率由1996年的20%提高到2010年的85%。截止目前，全國(guó)已經(jīng)累計(jì)推廣節(jié)能燈5億只以上。
“居民照明節(jié)電意識(shí)普遍增強(qiáng)，淘汰低效照明產(chǎn)品、選用高效照明產(chǎn)品已逐漸成為社會(huì)共識(shí)。”謝極說。
Goodbye Incandescents
China looks to energy-efficient bulbs as it gears up to heighten energy efficiency
After 130 years of using incandescent lamps, China is determined to abandon the energy-guzzling bulbs in favor of more energy-efficient ones.
On November 1, the Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and five other government departments jointly released a joint circular, vowing to gradually halt imports and sales of the traditional incandescent lamps.
Those lamps are widely used for both household and commercial lighting. Electricity is used to heat up the thin wire filament inside the bulb until it glows and produces light. Unfortunately, while incandescent bulbs are effective at illuminating even the darkest of spaces, they are not energy efficient. Much of the electricity is used to make heat, and light is only a by-product.
In 1882, China’s first incandescent lamp was used in Shanghai, providing a more reliable alternative to oil lamps and candles. In the past 130 years, China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of incandescent bulbs. In 2010, the country’s output of such bulbs stood at 3.85 billion, with sales hitting 1.07 billion yuan ($168.47 million).
As China embarks on a greener path of development, it is aiming to phase out these less efficient bulbs.
“This move is part of the government’s vigorous efforts to push forward energy conservation and emission reduction,” said Xie Ji, Deputy Director of Resource Conservation and Environment Protection under the NDRC.
The effort to replace incandescent lamps with energy-efficient ones nationwide will help save 48 billion kwh of electricity and reduce 48 million tons of carbon dioxide emission annually, said Xie.
“This year marks the beginning of the 12th Five-year Plan (2011-15), which is focused on economic rebalancing. Meanwhile, the United Nations Climate Change Conference is about to convene in Durban, South Africa,” said Xie. “Against this background, China is taking swift action to propel green lighting and implementing effective measures in response to climate change.”
Xie said some manufacturers of incandescent lamps in the country have been transforming their businesses and reducing production. NDRC data showed that in 2010 there were 10 enterprises nationwide with annual output of more than 100 million incandescent lamps, accounting for at least 70 percent of the industry’s total output of such lamps.
China has been firmly committed to improving energy efficiency. In 1996, the Chinese Government launched a green lighting program, promoting wider use of energy-efficient lamps with heavy subsidies. Moreover, the country has joined hands with the United Nations Development Program and Global Environmental Facility to initiate a project aimed at lifting the quality and competitiveness of China’s energy-efficient lighting products.
The circular said those projects have significantly helped China’s lighting industry move up the value chain and improve product quality. In 1996, China’s output of energy-efficient lamps was barely 3 percent of that of incandescent bulbs, but the ratio jumped to 1:1 in 2010. Last year, the country’s output of energy-efficient lamps amounted to 4.26 billion, accounting for 80 percent of the world’s total. There were around 20 manufacturers with annual output surpassing 50 million, making up 82.2 percent of the industry’s overall output.
“Meanwhile, techniques of Chinese manufacturers have advanced to the world-leading level,” added Xie. “In addition, semi-conductor lighting technologies are also maturing quickly.”
Hua Shuming, Director of the National Lighting Test Center, said the service life of a qualified energy-efficient lamp is more than 6,000 hours, six times that of an incandescent bulb.
A 13-watt energy-efficient lamp can produce illumination comparable to that of a 60-watt incandescent lamp, and it is able to reduce electricity consumption by 60-80 percent.
Energy-efficient lighting products are being recognized by global consumers. Data from the NDRC showed that Chinese energy-efficient lamps controlled 85 percent of global markets, up from only 20 percent in 1996.
LED in full swing
China is sparing no effort to propel wider use of energy-efficient lamps, especially light-emitting diode (LED) lighting products. LEDs present many advantages over incandescent lights including lower energy consumption, longer lifetimes, smaller size and faster switching.
“But LEDs are less competitive due to higher prices, so it will still take some time before they are fully accepted by consumers,” said Xie.
He added that the NDRC and the Ministry of Finance (MOF) are mulling subsidies to accelerate the promotion of LEDs.
China’s LED industry is already taking shape. In October 2009, the NDRC announced a series of measures to support the emerging sector, including government purchases and favorable import tariffs. Many local governments also followed suit, handing out generous policy incentives. The past two years have witnessed the start of nearly 100 large LED projects across the nation, with total investments exceeding 30 billion yuan ($4.72 billion).
Xie expected the output value of China’s LED industry to double in the next five years. The sector is an important part of the energy conservation and environment protection industry, one of the seven major strategic emerging industries supported by the government.
Looming concerns
A recent research report from the Guoyuan Securities Co. Ltd. said China’s LED industry is getting into full swing, and LEDs are widely used in cell phones and liquid crystal television. But they are yet to be widely accepted as a general lighting source, it said.
“The biggest problem is high costs—its manufacturing cost is 50-60 times that of incandescent lamps,” said the report.
“Without government subsidies, it would be difficult to promote LEDs as general lighting, but elimination of incandescent lamps has provided a powerful catalyst for the promotion of LEDs,” it added.
In 2008, the NDRC and MOF launched a lighting program and distributed more than 400 million energy-efficient lamps to consumers. But the program encountered many problems, hindering further promotion of those lamps.
Energy-efficient lamps contain mercury, a neurotoxin that can pose a serious threat to environmental health. The amount is tiny—China, as well as the European Union, allows each fluorescent lamp to contain no more than 5 milligrams of mercury—but that is enough to cause acute environmental damage and has sparked worries over the disposal of those lamps.
Fluorescent lamps use electricity to stimulate mercury vapor. The mercury atoms produce short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor to fluoresce, producing visible light.
Some people suggested manufacturers recycle the lamps, but that was less feasible given the high costs.
“Indeed, it is difficult to establish a nationwide recycling system in such a big country,” said Xie. “What we are doing is further improving technologies to decrease the mercury content of such lamps.”
Moreover, the high prices of energy-efficient lamps are also impeding the consumer acceptance.
In China, an LED lamp costs nearly 100 yuan ($15.75), compared with less than 10 yuan ($1.57) for an incandescent bulb. That is also why most Chinese LED manufacturers have focused on exports, instead of the home market.
Chinese LED firms still have a long way to go to sharpen their competitive edge. Chinese companies are good at assembly production, but one cause for concern is a lack of core chip technologies. U.S. and Japanese companies have dominated chip technologies, leaving Chinese firms in a weak position to compete.
Worse still, domestically made LED lamps suffer from the problem of a short battery life. As a result, it would be critical for domestic enterprises to strengthen efficiency and extend the service life of batteries so as to make their LED products more market competitive.
英語(yǔ)二級(jí)筆譯試題 3
第一部分 筆譯綜合能力（120 分鐘，滿分 100 分）
一、詞匯和語(yǔ)法（共 60 題，每題 1 分，滿分 60 分）
The governments new policy aims to alleviate the economic burden on low-income families.（ ）
A. intensify B. relieve C. transfer D. maintain
The archaeologist spent years studying the ancient relics found in the desert.（ ）
A. primitive B. modern C. fragile D. valuable
It is imperative that we take immediate action to address climate change.（ ）
A. optional B. urgent C. arbitrary D. trivial
The companys success is largely due to its innovative product design.（ ）
A. traditional B. creative C. complicated D. expensive
The scientists theory was initially met with skepticism but later proved correct.（ ）
A. approval B. curiosity C. doubt D. enthusiasm
The novel vividly depicts the turbulent period of social reform in the 19th century.（ ）
A. stable B. chaotic C. prosperous D. peaceful
The artists work reflects a profound understanding of human nature.（ ）
A. superficial B. deep C. vague D. narrow
The team had to revise their plan after encountering unexpected obstacles.（ ）
A. abandon B. implement C. modify D. uphold
The patients condition showed gradual improvement after the new treatment.（ ）
A. rapid B. steady C. sudden D. slight
The lecture provided insightful analysis of global trade patterns.（ ）
A. confusing B. profound C. basic D. irrelevant
The company was accused of violating environmental protection regulations.（ ）
A. observing B. breaking C. drafting D. revising
The old building has been restored to its original appearance.（ ）
A. demolished B. renovated C. decorated D. expanded
The report highlights the importance of education in reducing poverty.（ ）
A. emphasizes B. ignores C. questions D. downplays
The athletes stunning performance won her the gold medal.（ ）
A. disappointing B. impressive C. ordinary D. controversial
The new technology has facilitated communication between remote areas.（ ）
A. hindered B. simplified C. prevented D. complicated
The politicians speech was criticized for being ambiguous on key issues.（ ）
A. clear B. vague C. concise D. detailed
The organization provides assistance to refugees fleeing war zones.（ ）
A. support B. opposition C. indifference D. criticism
The study found a correlation between diet and heart disease.（ ）
A. connection B. difference C. similarity D. conflict
The company plans to launch a new line of eco-friendly products next year.（ ）
A. discontinue B. promote C. introduce D. improve
The teacher praised the student for his exceptional academic performance.（ ）
A. average B. outstanding C. poor D. normal
The project was delayed due to insufficient funding.（ ）
A. adequate B. limited C. extra D. unexpected
The film has received widespread acclaim from critics and audiences.（ ）
A. limited B. universal C. negative D. mixed
The scientist made a groundbreaking discovery in the field of medicine.（ ）
A. trivial B. revolutionary C. predictable D. unimportant
The companys annual conference will be held in Beijing next month.（ ）
A. monthly B. weekly C. yearly D. quarterly
The lawyer presented compelling evidence to support her clients case.（ ）
A. weak B. convincing C. irrelevant D. confusing
The city has witnessed remarkable changes over the past decade.（ ）
A. slight B. significant C. negative D. gradual
The teams collaborative effort led to the successful completion of the project.（ ）
A. individual B. cooperative C. competitive D. independent
The book offers practical advice on how to manage personal finances.（ ）
A. theoretical B. useful C. complex D. abstract
The disease is prevalent in tropical regions with poor sanitation.（ ）
A. rare B. common C. unknown D. deadly
The artists work has a unique style that sets it apart from others.（ ）
A. ordinary B. distinctive C. similar D. traditional
The government has introduced stringent measures to control air pollution.（ ）
A. strict B. lenient C. ineffective D. temporary
The students brilliant idea solved the problem that had puzzled experts for years.（ ）
A. clever B. foolish C. simple D. complicated
The companys profits have declined sharply due to the economic recession.（ ）
A. increased B. decreased C. stabilized D. recovered
The lecture was so engaging that no one left the room during the entire presentation.（ ）
A. boring B. interesting C. confusing D. lengthy
The old mans memoirs provide a fascinating account of life in the early 20th century.（ ）
A. diaries B. novels C. speeches D. biographies
The teams victory was celebrated by fans across the country.（ ）
A. defeat B. success C. loss D. failure
The new law will impact the lives of millions of people.（ ）
A. affect B. ignore C. improve D. destroy
The scientists research has contributed significantly to our understanding of the universe.（ ）
A. added B. subtracted C. limited D. hindered
The citys infrastructure needs to be upgraded to meet the growing populations needs.（ ）
A. buildings B. transport C. facilities D. services
The teachers patience with her students made her very popular in the school.（ ）
A. impatience B. kindness C. tolerance D. strictness
The companys reputation has been damaged by the recent scandal.（ ）
A. image B. profit C. size D. location
The films plot is so complex that it requires careful attention to understand.（ ）
A. story B. acting C. music D. direction
The government has allocated more funds to improve public education.（ ）
A. distributed B. reduced C. wasted D. saved
The students essay was praised for its clarity and originality.（ ）
A. poem B. report C. story D. composition
The teams strategy proved to be effective in winning the game.（ ）
A. plan B. player C. coach D. fan
The old building is a landmark that represents the citys history.（ ）
A. symbol B. obstacle C. mystery D. reminder
The companys expansion into new markets has been very successful.（ ）
A. contraction B. growth C. decline D. stability
The scientists hypothesis was tested through a series of experiments.（ ）
A. theory B. fact C. observation D. conclusion
The lecture covered a range of topics related to environmental protection.（ ）
A. variety B. number C. type D. set
The artists work has been exhibited in galleries around the world.（ ）
A. displayed B. sold C. stored D. destroyed
The governments policy on immigration has sparked a heated debate.（ ）
A. law B. rule C. strategy D. decision
The students performance in the exam was better than expected.（ ）
A. behavior B. result C. attitude D. effort
The companys products are known for their high quality and durability.（ ）
A. goods B. services C. employees D. customers
The films director has won several awards for his work.（ ）
A. actor B. writer C. producer D. filmmaker
The government has announced a new initiative to promote renewable energy.（ ）
A. declared B. hidden C. canceled D. delayed
The students question sparked a lively discussion in the classroom.（ ）
A. answer B. comment C. inquiry D. statement
The companys sales have increased by 20% compared to last year.（ ）
A. profits B. revenues C. costs D. losses
The books author will be giving a lecture at the university next week.（ ）
A. writer B. editor C. publisher D. translator
The teams coach has been praised for his leadership skills.（ ）
A. player B. manager C. fan D. referee
The citys climate is mild, with warm summers and cool winters.（ ）
A. weather B. temperature C. atmosphere D. environment
二、閱讀理解（共 20 題，每題 2 分，滿分 40 分）
Passage 1
The concept of sustainable development has gained widespread attention in recent decades as the world faces increasing environmental challenges. Sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This concept recognizes the interdependence of economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection.
One of the key principles of sustainable development is the efficient use of natural resources. This involves reducing waste, recycling materials, and using renewable resources such as solar and wind energy instead of non-renewable resources like fossil fuels. By adopting these practices, countries can reduce their environmental footprint while maintaining economic growth.
Another important aspect of sustainable development is social equity. This means ensuring that the benefits of development are shared equally among all members of society, including marginalized groups. It also involves addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, and access to education and healthcare. By promoting social equity, sustainable development can help to create more stable and inclusive societies.
Environmental protection is also a crucial component of sustainable development. This includes protecting biodiversity, reducing pollution, and mitigating the effects of climate change. Governments, businesses, and individuals all have a role to play in environmental protection. Governments can introduce policies and regulations to limit pollution and protect natural habitats, while businesses can adopt eco-friendly practices and develop sustainable products. Individuals can also contribute by reducing their consumption, recycling, and supporting sustainable initiatives.
Despite the growing recognition of the importance of sustainable development, there are still many challenges to its implementation. These include political and economic barriers, as well as a lack of awareness and understanding among the general public. However, with continued effort and collaboration from all stakeholders, it is possible to achieve sustainable development and create a better future for all.
What is the definition of sustainable development?（ ）
A. Development that focuses on economic growth above all else.
B. Development that meets present needs without harming future generations.
C. Development that prioritizes environmental protection over social equity.
D. Development that relies on non-renewable resources for growth.
What is one key principle of sustainable development?（ ）
A. Maximizing the use of non-renewable resources.
B. Ignoring social equity in favor of economic growth.
C. Efficient use of natural resources.
D. Prioritizing short-term gains over long-term sustainability.
What does social equity in sustainable development involve?（ ）
A. Ensuring benefits are shared equally among all society members.
B. Focusing on the needs of the wealthy.
C. Ignoring marginalized groups.
D. Reducing access to education and healthcare.
What role do businesses play in environmental protection?（ ）
A. They have no role to play.
B. They can adopt eco-friendly practices and develop sustainable products.
C. They can only follow government regulations.
D. They should prioritize profits over the environment.
What are the challenges to implementing sustainable development?（ ）
A. Lack of environmental problems.
B. Political and economic barriers, and lack of public awareness.
C. Too much public awareness.
D. No challenges exist.
Passage 2
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of our daily lives, from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to self-driving cars and personalized recommendation systems. AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation.
One of the main benefits of AI is its ability to increase efficiency and productivity. In the workplace, AI-powered tools can automate repetitive tasks, allowing employees to focus on more complex and creative work. For example, in the healthcare industry, AI can help doctors diagnose diseases more accurately and quickly by analyzing medical images and patient data. In the financial sector, AI can be used to detect fraud and manage risk more effectively.
AI also has the potential to improve the quality of life for people around the world. For instance, AI-powered assistive technologies can help people with disabilities to live more independently. Virtual assistants can help the elderly with daily tasks, while AI-powered prosthetics can provide greater mobility and functionality. Additionally, AI can be used to address global challenges such as climate change by analyzing large amounts of data to predict weather patterns and develop solutions to reduce carbon emissions.
However, there are also concerns about the impact of AI on society. One of the main concerns is the potential loss of jobs due to automation. As AI systems become more advanced, they may replace human workers in a variety of industries, leading to unemployment and economic inequality. Another concern is the ethical implications of AI, such as bias in AI algorithms and the potential for misuse of AI technology. For example, AI-powered surveillance systems could be used to 侵犯 peoples privacy, while autonomous weapons could pose a threat to global security.
To address these concerns, it is important to develop AI in a responsible and ethical manner. This includes ensuring that AI systems are transparent, fair, and accountable. Governments and organizations should also work together to develop regulations and guidelines for the use of AI. Additionally, education and training programs should be developed to help people adapt to the changing job market and acquire the skills needed to work with AI.
What is artificial intelligence?（ ）
A. Computer systems that can perform human-like tasks.
B. Virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa.
C. Self-driving cars and recommendation systems.
D. Computer systems that can only perform simple tasks.
How can AI increase efficiency in the workplace?（ ）
A. By replacing all human workers.
B. By automating repetitive tasks.
C. By making tasks more complex.
D. By reducing productivity.
What is a benefit of AI in healthcare?（ ）
A. It can replace doctors entirely.
B. It can help diagnose diseases more accurately.
C. It can increase healthcare costs.
D. It can reduce access to medical care.
What is a concern about AI?（ ）
A. It will increase job opportunities.
B. It may lead to job loss due to automation.
C. It has no ethical implications.
D. It will solve all global challenges.
How can we address the concerns about AI?（ ）
A. Develop AI without any regulations.
B. Ignore the ethical implications.
C. Develop AI in a responsible and ethical manner.
D. Stop developing AI entirely.
Passage 3
Cultural heritage plays a vital role in shaping our identity and understanding of the past. It includes tangible assets such as historical buildings, artifacts, and monuments, as well as intangible assets such as traditions, languages, and customs. Cultural heritage is not only a source of pride for communities but also a valuable resource for tourism and economic development.
One of the main challenges facing cultural heritage is preservation. Many historical sites and artifacts are at risk of damage due to natural disasters, climate change, and human activities such as urbanization and pollution. For example, rising sea levels threaten coastal archaeological sites, while air pollution can damage ancient buildings and artworks. Additionally, the illegal trade of cultural artifacts is a major problem, with millions of dollars worth of artifacts stolen each year and sold on the black market.
To address these challenges, various preservation efforts are being made around the world. Governments are establishing protected areas and implementing laws to prevent the destruction and theft of cultural heritage. International organizations such as UNESCO are also working to promote the preservation of cultural heritage through initiatives such as the World Heritage List, which recognizes and protects sites of outstanding universal value. Additionally, communities are playing an important role in preservation by passing down traditional knowledge and practices to future generations.
Another important aspect of cultural heritage is its role in tourism. Cultural tourism has become increasingly popular in recent years, with millions of people traveling to visit historical sites, museums, and cultural events. This form of tourism not only provides economic benefits to local communities but also helps to promote cultural exchange and understanding. However, excessive tourism can also have negative impacts on cultural heritage, such as overcrowding and damage to historical sites. To ensure sustainable cultural tourism, it is important to balance the needs of tourists with the preservation of cultural heritage.
In conclusion, cultural heritage is a valuable asset that must be preserved for future generations. By working together, governments, organizations, and communities can protect cultural heritage and ensure that it continues to play a vital role in shaping our identity and promoting cultural understanding.
What does cultural heritage include?（ ）
A. Only tangible assets like buildings and artifacts.
B. Only intangible assets like traditions and languages.
C. Both tangible and intangible assets.
D. None of the above.
What is a threat to cultural heritage?（ ）
A. Natural disasters and climate change.
B. Preservation efforts.
C. Cultural tourism.
D. UNESCO initiatives.
What is the World Heritage List?（ ）
A. A list of tourist attractions.
B. A list of cultural heritage sites of universal value.
C. A list of stolen artifacts.
D. A list of natural disasters.
What is a benefit of cultural tourism?（ ）
A. It damages historical sites.
B. It promotes cultural exchange and understanding.
C. It causes overcrowding.
D. It has no economic benefits.
How can we ensure sustainable cultural tourism?（ ）
A. Encourage excessive tourism.
B. Ignore the needs of tourists.
C. Balance tourist needs with heritage preservation.
D. Stop all cultural tourism.
Passage 4
Education is often referred to as the key to success, and for good reason. It provides individuals with the knowledge, skills, and values needed to succeed in life and contribute to society. Education not only helps individuals to secure better jobs and higher incomes but also promotes personal growth and development.
One of the main benefits of education is its impact on economic development. Countries with higher levels of education tend to have stronger economies, as educated workers are more productive and innovative. Education also helps to reduce poverty by providing individuals with the skills needed to escape the cycle of poverty. Additionally, education promotes entrepreneurship, as educated individuals are more likely to start their own businesses and create jobs for others.
Education also has important social benefits. It helps to promote social mobility, allowing individuals to move up the social ladder regardless of their background. Education also promotes tolerance and understanding by exposing individuals to different cultures, ideas, and perspectives. This can help to reduce prejudice and discrimination and create more inclusive societies. Furthermore, education is associated with better health outcomes, as educated individuals are more likely to make healthy lifestyle choices and have access to healthcare.
Despite the many benefits of education, there are still millions of people around the world who lack access to quality education. This is particularly true in developing countries, where poverty, lack of resources, and gender inequality are major barriers to education. For example, many girls in developing countries are unable to attend school due to cultural norms and economic constraints. Additionally, the COVID - 19 pandemic has disrupted education for millions of students worldwide, with many schools closing and students struggling to access online learning.
To address these challenges, governments and organizations are working to improve access to quality education. This includes building more schools, training more teachers, and providing scholarships and other forms of financial support to students in need. Additionally, efforts are being made to promote gender equality in education and ensure that girls have the same opportunities as boys. The use of technology is also being explored as a way to improve access to education, particularly in remote areas.
What is a benefit of education?（ ）
A. It reduces productivity.
B. It provides knowledge and skills for success.
C. It increases poverty.
D. It limits personal growth.
How does education impact economic development?（ ）
A. It weakens economies.
B. It makes workers less productive.
C. It promotes entrepreneurship and reduces poverty.
D. It has no impact on the economy.
What is a social benefit of education?（ ）
A. It promotes prejudice and discrimination.
B. It reduces social mobility.
C. It promotes tolerance and understanding.
D. It has no social benefits.
What is a barrier to education in developing countries?（ ）
A. Gender equality.
B. Poverty and lack of resources.
C. Too many schools.
D. Easy access to online learning.
How can we improve access to education?（ ）
A. Build more schools and train more teachers.
B. Reduce financial support for students.
C. Discourage the use of technology.
D. Maintain gender inequality.
第二部分 筆譯實(shí)務(wù)（180 分鐘，滿分 100 分）
一、英譯漢（共 50 分）
Passage 1
The digital revolution has transformed nearly every aspect of modern life, from how we communicate and work to how we shop and entertain ourselves. At the heart of this revolution is the internet, which has connected billions of people around the world and created new opportunities for businesses and individuals alike.
One of the most significant impacts of the digital revolution has been on the workplace. The rise of remote work, made possible by advances in communication technology, has allowed employees to work from anywhere in the world. This has not only increased flexibility for workers but also enabled businesses to access a global talent pool. Additionally, digital tools such as project management software and cloud computing have made collaboration easier and more efficient, allowing teams to work together seamlessly regardless of their location.
The digital revolution has also changed the way we consume goods and services. E-commerce platforms have made it possible for consumers to shop online at any time of day, from the comfort of their own homes. This has not only convenience for consumers but also created new opportunities for small businesses, which can now reach customers around the world without the need for a physical storefront. Additionally, digital payment systems have made transactions faster and more secure, reducing the need for cash and checks.
However, the digital revolution has also brought about new challenges. One of the main challenges is the digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have access to digital technology and those who do not. This divide can exacerbate existing inequalities, as those without access to digital technology may be left behind in terms of education, employment, and access to services. Another challenge is cybersecurity, as the increased use of digital technology has made individuals and businesses more vulnerable to cyberattacks such as hacking and identity theft.
Despite these challenges, the digital revolution shows no signs of slowing down. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more changes in the way we live and work. It is important for governments, businesses, and individuals to work together to address the challenges of the digital revolution and ensure that its benefits are shared equally by all.
Passage 2
Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of our time, with far-reaching impacts on the environment, economy, and human society. The Earths average temperature has been rising steadily over the past century, primarily due to the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities.
The impacts of climate change are already being felt around the world. Rising sea levels are threatening coastal communities and small island nations, while extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods are becoming more frequent and severe. These events not only cause widespread damage to infrastructure and property but also pose a threat to human life and safety. Additionally, climate change is affecting ecosystems and biodiversity, with many species facing extinction as their habitats are destroyed.
The economic impacts of climate change are also significant. Extreme weather events can disrupt supply chains, damage crops, and lead to higher food prices. Additionally, the costs of adapting to climate change, such as building sea walls and developing drought-resistant crops, can be substantial. However, investing in renewable energy and other climate-friendly technologies can also create new economic opportunities, such as jobs in the solar and wind energy sectors.
Addressing climate change requires global cooperation and action at all levels. Governments play a crucial role in developing and implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon pricing and renewable energy targets. Businesses can also contribute by adopting sustainable practices and developing low-carbon technologies. Individuals can make a difference by reducing their carbon footprint, such as by using public transportation, conserving energy, and eating a more plant-based diet.
The Paris Agreement, signed by nearly 200 countries in 2015, is a landmark international agreement aimed at limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. While progress has been made, much more needs to be done to meet the goals of the agreement. It is essential that all stakeholders continue to work together to address climate change and protect the planet for future generations.
二、漢譯英（共 50 分）
Passage 1
中國(guó)是世界上歷史最悠久的文明之一，擁有豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)。這些文化遺產(chǎn)不僅是中國(guó)人民的寶貴財(cái)富，也是全人類的共同財(cái)富。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府高度重視文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)工作，采取了一系列措施來(lái)保護(hù)和傳承本國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)。
中國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)包括物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)和非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)如長(zhǎng)城、故宮、兵馬俑等，是中國(guó)古代文明的杰出代表，吸引了數(shù)百萬(wàn)國(guó)內(nèi)外游客前來(lái)參觀。非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)如京劇、中醫(yī)、剪紙等，承載著中國(guó)人民的智慧和創(chuàng)造力，是中國(guó)文化的重要組成部分。為了保護(hù)這些非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，中國(guó)政府設(shè)立了國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄，并支持傳承人開展傳承活動(dòng)。
除了保護(hù)本國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)，中國(guó)還積極參與國(guó)際文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)合作。中國(guó)與多個(gè)國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織開展了文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)項(xiàng)目，如聯(lián)合考古、文物修復(fù)等。這些合作不僅有助于保護(hù)全球文化遺產(chǎn)，也促進(jìn)了各國(guó)之間的文化交流和理解。
文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)不僅是對(duì)歷史的尊重，也是對(duì)未來(lái)的投資。通過保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)，我們可以更好地了解自己的歷史和文化，增強(qiáng)民族自豪感和認(rèn)同感。同時(shí)，文化遺產(chǎn)也可以成為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要?jiǎng)恿�，如文化旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展可以帶動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。未來(lái)，中國(guó)將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)工作，為人類文明的傳承和發(fā)展作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
Passage 2
科技創(chuàng)新是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的核心動(dòng)力。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)在科技創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域取得了顯著成就，從 5G 通信、高速鐵路到量子計(jì)算、人工智能，一系列重大科技成果不斷涌現(xiàn)，改變了人們的生活方式，也提升了中國(guó)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
中國(guó)政府高度重視科技創(chuàng)新，將創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略作為國(guó)家發(fā)展的核心戰(zhàn)略。為了支持科技創(chuàng)新，中國(guó)政府加大了研發(fā)投入，2023 年全國(guó)研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重達(dá)到 2.55%。同時(shí)，中國(guó)還建立了一批國(guó)家級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)，為科研人員提供了良好的'研究條件。此外，中國(guó)政府還出臺(tái)了一系列政策，如稅收優(yōu)惠、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)等，鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)開展科技創(chuàng)新活動(dòng)。
企業(yè)在科技創(chuàng)新中發(fā)揮著主體作用。中國(guó)的許多企業(yè)，尤其是高科技企業(yè)，投入大量資源進(jìn)行研發(fā)，取得了多項(xiàng)核心技術(shù)突破。例如，華為在 5G 領(lǐng)域擁有大量專利，成為全球 5G 技術(shù)的領(lǐng)先者之一；比亞迪在新能源汽車領(lǐng)域不斷創(chuàng)新，推動(dòng)了全球汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的電動(dòng)化轉(zhuǎn)型。這些企業(yè)的創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐不僅提升了自身的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，也為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展注入了強(qiáng)勁動(dòng)力。
科技創(chuàng)新不僅帶來(lái)了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，也改善了民生福祉。例如，遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療技術(shù)讓偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的患者能夠獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)的醫(yī)療服務(wù)；智能農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)提高了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率，保障了糧食安全；移動(dòng)支付技術(shù)改變了人們的支付方式，使生活更加便捷。未來(lái)，中國(guó)將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，聚焦關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)高水平科技自立自強(qiáng)，為全球科技創(chuàng)新貢獻(xiàn)中國(guó)智慧和中國(guó)方案。
【英語(yǔ)二級(jí)筆譯試題】相關(guān)文章：
二級(jí)英語(yǔ)筆譯試題及解析06-25
英語(yǔ)二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)科目試題09-25
歷年英語(yǔ)二級(jí)筆譯真題11-05
一級(jí)英語(yǔ)筆譯試題及答案08-02
英語(yǔ)筆譯06-30
全國(guó)翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試二級(jí)筆譯試題10-04