2017上半年翻譯資格考試復(fù)習資料整理
I. UN Reform
中方支持聯(lián)合國不斷與時俱進，通過改革進一步增強協(xié)調(diào)各國應(yīng)對全球性挑戰(zhàn)的能力，更好地回應(yīng)國際社會期待，并提升發(fā)展中國家在國際事務(wù)中的發(fā)言權(quán)。改革應(yīng)是全方位的，應(yīng)在安全、發(fā)展、人權(quán)三大領(lǐng)域均衡推進，特別是推動在涉及廣大發(fā)展中國家切身利益的發(fā)展領(lǐng)域取得積極成果。
China supports the UN in keeping abreast of the times through reform, and further strengthening its capacity for coordinating international efforts to tackle global challenges so as to better respond to the expectations of the international community, and increasing the voice of developing countries in international affairs. The reform should be an all-round process for balanced progress on security, development and human rights. In particular, positive results should be achieved in development, as it concerns the vital interests of developing countries.
改革應(yīng)優(yōu)先增加發(fā)展中國家在安理會的代表性和發(fā)言權(quán)，讓中小國家有更多機會進入安理會并參與決策。安理會改革涉及聯(lián)合國未來和全體會員國切身利益，應(yīng)繼續(xù)通過充分民主協(xié)商，尋求兼顧各方關(guān)切和利益的“一攬子”解決方案。中方愿同各方一道，推動改革朝有利于維護聯(lián)合國長遠利益和會員國團結(jié)的方向發(fā)展。
China supports reform of the Security Council for it to better fulfill its responsibilities prescribed in the Charter of the United Nations. The priority of the reform should be on increasing the representation and voice of developing countries in the Security Council so that small and medium-sized countries will have more opportunities to sit on the Security Council and participate in its decision-making process. Reform of the Security Council concerns the future of the UN and vital interests of all member states. It is important to continue with thorough and democratic consultations, and seek a package solution that accommodates the concerns and interests of all parties. China is ready to work with all parties to ensure that the reform will help safeguard the long-term interests of the UN and solidarity of its member states.
反對恐怖主義和暴力極端主義
II. Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism
當前國際反恐斗爭更趨嚴峻復(fù)雜。突出問題是暴力極端主義思想深度蔓延，內(nèi)生性恐怖威脅急劇上升，嚴重影響國際社會安全與穩(wěn)定。中方認為，反恐應(yīng)綜合治理，標本兼治。聯(lián)合國及其安理會應(yīng)在國際反恐合作中發(fā)揮主導作用，推動建立最廣泛反恐戰(zhàn)線，加強統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)，不斷凝聚共識，推動國際反恐形成更大合力。
The international combat against terrorism is facing increasingly grim and complex challenges. A serious problem is the entrenchment and spread of ideologies of violent extremism and the sharp increase in endogenous terrorist threats, which have caused severe impact on peace and stability of the international community. China stands for a holistic approach in combating terrorism which addresses both the symptoms and root causes. The UN and its Security Council should play a leading role in international counter-terrorism cooperation and push for the establishment of the broadest counter-terrorism front, enhance coordination and build consensus, and forge greater synergy for international counter-terrorism efforts. The international community should further strengthen counter-terrorism cooperation in accordance with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and fully implement relevant Security Council resolutions and the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. The pressing task is to resolutely fight attempts of terrorists to disseminate violent and extremist ideologies, incite hatred between ethnic groups and religious factions, spread techniques of making explosives, plot and launch violent terrorist attacks, recruit and raise fund through the Internet and other modern communications technologies. It is important to foster a sound momentum for all parties to shoulder their due responsibilities and contribute to the fight against cyber terrorism and cooperate in good faith.
III. UN Peacekeeping Operations
聯(lián)合國維和行動是聯(lián)合國維護國際和平與安全的重要手段。中方支持聯(lián)合國維和行動在堅持“當事方同意、中立和非自衛(wèi)或履行授權(quán)不能使用武力”為核心的“哈馬舍爾德維和三原則”基礎(chǔ)上，充分履行職責。同時，我們支持聯(lián)合國維和行動與時俱進，進行合理必要改革，不斷發(fā)展創(chuàng)新。中方歡迎聯(lián)合國秘書長去年對維和行動進行評審，支持在會員國廣泛共識基礎(chǔ)上，循序漸進地落實秘書長報告中有關(guān)建議。
UN peacekeeping operations are an important instrument for maintaining world peace and security. China supports UN peacekeeping operations in fully fulfilling their mandates on the basis of the Hammarskj?ld principles of “consent of the parties, impartiality and non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate”. In the meantime, we support UN peacekeeping operations in keeping pace with the times through reasonable and necessary reform and innovation. China welcomes the Secretary-General’s review of peacekeeping operations last year, and supports progressive implementation of relevant proposals in his report on the basis of broad consensus among member states.
中國一貫堅定支持、積極參與聯(lián)合國維和行動，已派出維和人員3萬余人次，目前有2600余名維和人員在10個任務(wù)區(qū)執(zhí)行維和任務(wù)。中國是安理會五常任理事國出兵最多的國家，也是第二大維和攤款出資國。中方將認真落實各項承諾和措施，繼續(xù)積極、深入?yún)⑴c聯(lián)合國維和行動，維護世界和平與安全。
China has been a firm supporter of and an active participant in UN peacekeeping operations. To date, China has contributed over 30,000 peacekeepers, and over 2,600 Chinese peacekeepers are providing services in 10 operations at present. China is the biggest troop contributor and the second largest fund contributor to UN peacekeeping missions among the five permanent members of the Security Council. At the summits commemorating the 70th anniversary of the UN last September, President Xi Jinping announced a series of important measures to be taken by China in support of the UN peacekeeping operations. These measures are under implementation with steady progress. China will follow through on its pledges and measures, and continue with its active and deep involvement in UN peacekeeping operations in order to safeguard world peace and security.
IV. Information and Cyber Security
網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間是人類共同的活動空間，網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間前途命運應(yīng)由世界各國共同掌握。各國應(yīng)該加強溝通、擴大共識、深化合作，共同構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間命運共同體。
Cyberspace is the common space of activities for mankind. The future of cyberspace should be in the hands of all countries. Countries should step up communication, broaden consensus and deepen cooperation to jointly build a community of shared future in cyberspace.
中方主張，應(yīng)確保信息和通信技術(shù)用于促進經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展及國際和平與穩(wěn)定，樹立共同安全理念，反對網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)聽、網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊和網(wǎng)絡(luò)軍備競賽。應(yīng)尊重各國自主選擇網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展道路、網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理模式、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公共政策和平等參與國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間治理的權(quán)利，反對網(wǎng)絡(luò)霸權(quán)和利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)干涉他國內(nèi)政。應(yīng)秉持互利共贏理念，加大對發(fā)展中國家援助，彌合數(shù)字鴻溝。國際社會應(yīng)在相互尊重、相互信任的基礎(chǔ)上，加強對話合作，在聯(lián)合國框架下制定各方普遍接受的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國際規(guī)則，共同構(gòu)建和平、安全、開放、合作的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，建立多邊、民主、透明的全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理體系。
China maintains that it is necessary to ensure that information and communications technologies are used for the purpose of advancing economic and social development and promoting international peace and stability, establish a sense of common security and oppose cyber surveillance, cyber attack and cyber arms race. It is important to respect the right of countries to independently choose their own path of cyber development, model of cyber regulation and Internet public policies, and participate in international cyberspace governance on an equal footing. No country should pursue cyber hegemony or use the Internet to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs. Countries should uphold the idea of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation and narrow the “digital divide” by scaling up assistance to developing countries. The international community should enhance dialogue and cooperation on the basis of mutual respect and trust, formulate international cyberspace rules acceptable to all parties under the UN framework, work together to foster a peaceful, secure, open and cooperative cyberspace, and establish a multilateral, democratic and transparent global Internet governance system.
V. Refugee and Migrant Issue
當前，全球難民和流離失所者人數(shù)創(chuàng)歷史新高，移民規(guī)模不斷擴大，加強難民和移民問題的治理刻不容緩。
The number of refugees and displaced people around the world has hit a record high, and the size of refugees has been constantly expanding. It is urgent to strengthen efforts to address the issue of refugees and migrants.
中方主張難民問題要標本兼治，既要加大對難民的人道主義關(guān)懷，保障難民的生存與安全，更要注重治本，消除戰(zhàn)爭、武裝沖突、貧困、發(fā)展失衡等難民問題產(chǎn)生的根源。
China holds that both the symptoms and root causes should be addressed in tackling the refugee issue. It is necessary to provide more humanitarian care to refugees and ensure their life and security. And more importantly, it is necessary to focus more on eradicating the root causes of the issue, including wars, armed conflicts, poverty and unbalanced development.
中方主張各國應(yīng)本著相互尊重、平等互利的原則，在便利人員往來、保障移民合法權(quán)益、減少非法移民、打擊人口販賣等領(lǐng)域加強合作，共同促進健康、有序的人口流動。
China maintains that countries should follow the principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and enhance cooperation in facilitating people-to-people exchanges, safeguarding legitimate rights and interests of migrants, reducing the number of illegal migrants and combating human trafficking to promote sound and orderly movement of people.
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