中石油職稱英語閱讀文章精講
新員工要熟悉新工作的要求而產生的較低的生產率，造成的企業成本升高。所以企業要減少員工的流失。下面是一篇關于如何減少員工流失的中石油職稱英語考試閱讀文章，歡迎閱讀!
How to Reduce Employee Turnover 如何減少員工流失
1.The Chief Executive of a large hotelbecame awarethathis companywasexperiencing annual employee turnoverof about 60percent,at an annual costestimatedbetween$10to$15 million. This large amount of moneywas calculatedbased on three factors: the money spenthiring and trainingreplacements; the cost to the business in lowerproductivitydue toemployees becomingfamiliar withthe requirements of their new job; and reduced occupancyrates,due topoorguest satisfactionlevels.
1、一家大型酒店的總裁(the ChiefExecutive; executive n. 經理;執行者)注意到(became aware = was aware 意識到)，公司正在經歷著每年(annual)流失60%的雇員的問題(that引導的賓語從句使用了過去進行時態)，這種情況造成每年成本增加1000萬到1500萬美金。這么大量的資金是根據(based on 基于)以下三個因素算出來的(本句為被動語態，was calculated by people)：(1)雇傭和培訓新員工的花費(spend doing sth., spend后跟現在分詞做賓語)，(2)由于新員工要熟悉新工作的要求(familiar withthe requirements of their new job)而產生的較低的生產率(lower productivity)造成的企業成本升高(due to 由于; familiar with 熟悉)，(3)以及由于顧客滿意度(guestsatisfaction)差而導致客房使用率(occupancy rates; occupancy n. 居住;占有;占用)下降。
2. The Chief Executive knewthatin order tosave his company,hehad toreduce the highturnover costs.Making upfor the lost incomedue toturnoveris not an easy taskandmanycompanieshave not declared war on unwantedemployee turnoverbecausetheyhave not takenthe timeto work outthe costs of lost revenues and productivity. The hotel boss decidedtotackle the issue head-onby implementing a4-point plan. The hotelfirsttookthe timeto calculatetheir turnovercosts;secondlyto evaluatethe main causes for the staff turnover;and thirdlyto discusssome of the solutions to theproblems;and lastlytoprioritizeactionsand evaluatefuture returns following implemented changes.
2、這位總裁已經意識到，為了(in order todo sth.)拯救他的公司，他必須(have to dosth., have-had-had)減少髙額的員工流失(the hight turnover)成本。彌補由于員工流失所造成的收入損失(Making up for the lost income due to turnover, 這一串是句子的主語)不是一件容易的事情，而且目前許多公司還沒有表示要應對不需要的員工流失(declare war on 發動進攻;對…宣戰;unwanted adj. 不需要的;沒人要的;多余的)，因為(because引導原因狀語從句)這些公司還沒有時間去搞清楚(to work out; work out 想出;算出;弄懂;解決)收入(revenues)和生產率損失所造成的成本增加。但是這家酒店的老板決定要直面(head-on adv.)這個問題并且解決(tackle vt.)它。他提出了四點計劃(implement vt.實現;執行)：首先，計算員工流失成本;然后估計(evaluate)這些員工流失的主要原因;第三，討論如何解決這些問題;最后確定行動方案(prioritizevt. 把…區分優先次序)并且評估實施這些方案之后(following implemented changes)的未來收益(future returns)。
3. Withina two-yearperiod, the results were significant. The annual employee turnoverwas reduced by78 percentandthisaffecteddown timedue totraining and guestsatisfaction. The result wasa $10 millionsavingsfor the company.
3、這個方案實施了兩年，效果顯著：每年員工流失率下降了78%( be reduced by + 數字或百分數)，而且由于省去了對新員工的培訓，加上顧客滿意度的提高，酒店營業時間也比原來更長了(down time 停工時間)。最終的結果是酒店節省了1000萬美元。(savings n. 儲蓄;存款)
4.Becausemost do notknowthe root causes of employeeturnoverandcostshave often not been accurately estimated,causes are usually not known.As aresult, solutionsare commonlynot targetedata company’s individual, specific causes.The following is an examination ofwhatthe Chief Executive did to turn the hotel around.
4、大多數公司都不知道員工流失的根本原因在哪里，也沒有準確地估算成本(本句使用了完成時被動語態)，從而弄不清真正的原因(本句使用了現在時被動語態)。結果就是公司缺乏針對單個具體問題(a company’s individual, specificcauses)的解決方式(本句使用了現在時被動語態)。 以下是我們對那個總裁所采取的拯救酒店的具體行動(what the ChiefExecutive did to turn the hotel around)的分析。
5. Two factors were considered in relation to the calculation ofcosts: those departmentswho had thehighest rates of turnoverand thosewhose turnover had the greatestpotentialeffect onprofit. After some investigation,it was shown thatsome of the positionswith the highestturnover ratessuch ascleaners and gardeners did not carrywiththem high associated costs.In fact,what wasrevealedwas that only 6 percent of employees accounted for43 percent ofthe turnover. Positionsthat involved asubstantial amount of timein trainingwerethe onesthat attracted the highest costing. Analysisrevealedthatthose positionswithin the hotelwhich had the greatest impact on profitwere positionslikethe front officereceptionists and those working in accounts.
5、(人們)在計算成本的時候要考慮兩個因素(in relationto 關于;涉及;本句使用了過去時被動語態)：(1)哪些是員工流失率最高(who had thehighest rates of turnover，who引導定語從句，修飾前面的thosedepartments)的部門和(2)哪些是員工流失對于利潤來說潛在影響最大(whoseturnover had the greatest potential effect on profit，whose turnover引導的定語從句，修飾前面的those)的部門。經過調查研究我們得出結論，在那些員工流失率最高的部門中，一些職位的員工流動并不會產生較高的成本，比如清潔員和園丁。實際上(in fact)，這項調查所揭露的真相(what wasrevealed是由what引導的名詞性從句作句子的主語，并且使用了被動語態形式;what 指someinvestigation)是43%的人員流失都是由占總員工數僅6%那一群體所造成(account for 對…負有責任;占)。那些需要大量培訓時間(that involved a substantial amount oftime in training是that引導的定語從句; substantialadj. 大量的)的職位是會帶來最高的成本投入(that attracted the highest costing是that引導的定語從句; the ones 指的是前面提到的positions)的職位。分析表明，對酒店利潤有最大影響(within the hotel which had thegreatest impact on profit是which引導的定語從句)的職位是前臺接待(the front office receptionists)和財務人員(those working in accounts)。
本段告訴我們：員工流失率最高的職位是清潔員、園丁、前臺接待員和財務人員，而前兩者對利潤影響不大，后兩者對利潤影響最大。
6.As unusual as it maysound,it is nowa commonunderstandingthatoffering employees more moneyisnot necessarilya good solution tohigh employee turnover—often they leavebecausethey simplydislikethework. Therefore,it was important totackle the analysis from the perspective ofwhat were the chief causes for staffleaving.
6、盡管聽上去很不同尋常(As unusual asit may sound應該不是形容詞比較形式，因為沒有相互比較的內容;參考翻譯，第一個as是轉折詞，第二個as，在網上查了下，as it may作“無論如何”解，因此本句可理解為：無論怎樣，聽上去都很不尋常)，但是現在有一個普遍接受的觀點(a common understanding)，那就是給員工更多的錢(offering employees more money動名詞短語在賓語從句中做主語)并不一定(not necessarily)會是解決員工高流失率的好方法，員工流失是因為他們不喜歡這個工作。因此，分析員工離職的主要原因(the chiefcauses for staff leaving)是重要的一環(可譯為：從員工離職的主要原因這個角度進行分析是重要的;perspective n.觀點; what引導的名詞性從句作of的賓語，不知這樣理解對不對)。
7.Devising solutions tothese issueswasthe otherhalfof the equation. As far arecruitingwas concerned, they changed their approachbyassigningthe tasktopersonnel from the hotel.Oncethis change was made,the attritionratesdecreased substantially.To add toemployee motivation,new staffweremade aware ofthe missionand goalsof the organization andhowtheywould be paidaboveindustry standardfor striving to attain to hotel values.New staffwere shownwhere thehotel was headingand how theywouldhave a guaranteed,stableemployment situationwith a major force in the hotel industry—it was even suggested thatafter aperiod of employment,new staffmightbe giventhe opportunityto contribute toorganizational goal setting. Theyhad been losingmany of their employeesduring the first month or two ofemployment, so theymadenew staffawarethatbonuseswould be offered tonewlyhired employeesat the end oftheir first three monthswhich greatlyassistedingoal setting.Staff luncheonsand thein-housevolleyball and basketballcompetitionsremainedan effective partofstaffunity and development, anda supportprogramwas also introducedto helpall staff with any job-related issues. This gave employeesaheightenedsenseof being cared for by the establishment.
7、設計針對這些問題的解決方法是等式的另外一半。(devise vt. 設計;發明)(是這個意思嗎?分析問題的原因=解決問題的方法。瞎想的。)酒店改變了招聘方法：直接利用酒店內部人員(personnel from the hotel)實施招聘(recruiting n.招聘;be concerned 就…而言;approach n. 方法;assign to 分配給;直譯為：就招聘而言，他們通過分派工作給酒店的內部人員而改變他們的招聘方法)。這一方法一經使用(被動語態)，員工流失率(the attrition rates)大幅(substantiallyadv.)下降。為了提高(to add to 不定式作目的狀語)員工的工作動力(motivation)，領導告訴新員工公司的任務(mission)和目標(這里“staff人員”與“people人們”一樣是集體名詞，因此要注意“主謂一致”：new staffweremade awareof… 還有，本句使用了過去時被動語態，即新員工被告知…)，還告訴他們，只要努力達到酒店工作標準(for striving to attain to hotelvalues)，他們就會得到髙于同行業標準的薪水。(噢~~~“above”應該就是同行業標準之上的薪水了，本句使用了過去將來時被動語態形式; strive to dosth. 努力;attain to sth.到達;獲得) 他們告訴新員工酒店的發展方向(where thehotel was heading是不是名詞性從句作賓語呀?)，并且讓他們相信，在酒店行業努力工作(with a major force in the hotelindustry)， 可以得到一份有保障的、穩定的收入(guaranteed adj. 有保證的;stable adj. 穩定的)——甚至告訴他們(suggest vt. 暗示)，工作一段時間以后， 新員工可能會參與到公司組織目標的設定過程中去(contribute to sth. 有助于;促成;可譯為：公司會給新員工參與組織目標制定的機會)。很多員工過去在酒店工作第一個月或者第二個月的時候(during thefirst month or two of employment)就離職了，因此現在酒店各部門要讓新員工知道(made new staff aware)，他們在工作前三個月結束的時候(at the end oftheir first three months)會拿到一筆獎金(offer 提供;可譯為：酒店會給新員工發獎金)，這種激勵方式幫助(assist in)員工重新設定自己的目標。工作午餐(staff luncheons)和公司內部的(in house)排球或籃球賽(competitionn. 比賽)有效促進了(remain vi. 保持;依然)員工的團結和發展(staff unity and development)，并且公司還引入了一個支持計劃(a support program)來幫助所有的員工解決工作相關的問題(to help allstaff with any job-related issues不定式作目的狀語;help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助某人)。這樣一來，員工就會明顯感受(a heightened sense)到公司(establishment)關心他們。
8.Another area of changewhich proved successfulwas the introduction of the ValuableEmployee Program(VEP).Whena personwas employedin the pasttheywere assigneda senior member ofstaffwhoassistedthem with getting used to their newjob. Due to the limitations of thesenior member’s positionhowever,they were often notin a positiontoexplain any details regardingfutureadvancement. Now, when staffareemployed, theyare clearly toldwhat is expected in the jobandwhere it might lead for the rightcandidate. Hotel surveysrevealedthatover 30 percent ofemployeeswere not satisfiedwiththe career opportunities in their current jobs，so the articulation ofthedefiniteand realistic opportunityfor advancementthrough the VEPledtoa majordecrease inemployee attrition.
8、另外一個證明成功的.(which provedsuccessful定語從句，修飾another areaof change)改變的方面就是VEP(有價值員工工程)的引入。在過去，新人招聘進來以后會有一個老員工來幫助他們熟悉新工作(who assistedthem with getting used to their new job定語從句，修飾a senior member of staff; get used to 習慣于…; 適應于…)。但是，由于老員工的職位所限，他們無法給新員工規劃未來職業發展細節(regardingprep. 關于;advancement n.進步;be to do sth. 表示按計劃或安排要做的事)。而現在，新員工入職后，公司就很清楚地告訴他們工作當中所要做到的事情(what is expected in the job賓語從句)以及將來的職業發展前景(where itmight lead for the right candidate賓語從句;網譯：他可能會成為適合的人選;where it might lead它可能導致…;candidate n.候選人)。酒店的調查研究還表明，超過30%的員工對他們目前工作的職業發展機會不滿意(be satisfied with 對…感到滿意)。因此，通過VEP向員工清晰說明(articulation n.)他們的升職機會(definite adj. 一定的;確切的;realistic adj.逼真的;現實的)，大幅降低了員工流失率(employee attrition)(decrease in 在…方面減少;lead to sth.導致某種發生)。
9.Oncethe shiphad been rightedandtherelative returnson humanresource investmentshad beencalculated, setting prioritiesbecamea formality. Althoughatfirstadauntingtask, the enormous cost of employee turnover offered an excellent opportunityfor the hotelto increase profitability.
9、一旦船只恢復了平衡(rightvt. 平衡)，并且人力資源投資的相對回報(the relative returns)計算清楚以后，接下來就是要設定做事情的順序了(formality n. 儀式;正式手續;設定做事的優先順序)。盡管一開始這是一項艱巨的(daunting adj.)任務，但是反過來，員工流失的巨大成本又給飯店提供一個好機會來提高利潤率(to increase profitability 不定式作目的狀語)。
本文出現了“過去完成進行時態”的句子，它由had been doing構成。本文第7段：Hotels had been losing many of theiremployees during the first month or two of employment……很多員工過去在酒店工作第一個月或者第二個月的時候就離職了……(可譯為：酒店過去在第一個月或者第二個月的員工雇用期會失去許多員工……)現在完成進行時由have/has been doing 構成。本課使用了大量的被動語態形式，但在翻譯時多數都使用了主動語態形式，學習中要認真領會。
練習
1.The Chief Executive of a large hotel became aware that his company wasexperiencing employee turnover of about 60 percent.
A. annual B. annul C. annually D. annals
2. for the lost incomedue to turnover is not an easy task.
A.Make up B. Making up C. Making to D. Making of
3. Many companies have notdeclaredwar on employee turnover because they have not takenthe time to the costs of lostrevenuesandproductivity.
A. unwanted; work off B. wanted; work out
C. unwanted; work out D. unwanted; work into
4. The hotel boss decidedto tacklethe issuehead-onbyimplementing .
A. 4-points plan B. a 4-point plan C. a 4-points plan
D. a 4-point plans
5. The annual employee turnover 78 percent.
A. was reducedin B. was reduced to
C. was reducedat D. was reduced by
6. In fact, was that only 6 percent of employees accountedfor 43 percent of the turnover.
A. what was revealed B.was what revealed
C. that was revealed D.which was revealed
7. To add to employeemotivation, new staff aware of themissionand goals of the organization.
A. was made B. were made C. are made
8.When a person was employed in the past they were a senior member of staff who them with getting used to their new job.
A. associated;assigned B. assisted;assigned
C. assisted;associated D. assigned;assisted
9. Hotelsurveys revealedthatover 30 percent of employeeswere notsatisfied the career opportunities in their currentjobs.
A. within B. in C. with D. to
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