2017年翻譯資格考試筆譯精選試題
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part 1
A View of Huanglong
One of Sichuan's finest scenic spots is Huanglong (Yellow Dragon) , which lies in Songpan County just beneath Xuebao, the main peals of the Minshan Mountains. Its lush green forests, filled with fragrant flowers, bubbling streams, and songbirds, are rich in historical interest as well as natural beauty.
Legend has it that sane 4, 000 years ago, when great floods threatened the people of central China, Yu the Great resolved to tame the mighty rivers. He journeyed inland in a boat, but was soon stopped by the torrential current. Fortunately, a yellow dragon appeared and bore the boat upstream as far as it could go. Yu succeeded in controlling the flood and went on to found the 500-year Xia Dynasty, but the exhausted dragon could not return to the sea, and died at the foot of Xuebao Peak.
Viewing Huanglong from a distance, one might imagine that the noble serpent for which the area was named is still lying on the hillside. Actually, this "yellow dragon' is a geological formation unique to this karst region; its yellow color is due to a layer of calcium carbonate, and the tiny, clear pools that line its back took like scales. The dragon is surrounded try, spruce trees and assorted rare flowering plants in blue, white, red, and purple.
黃龍奇觀
在四川西部，有一美妙的去處。它背倚峨山宇峰雪寶頂，樹木蒼翠，花香襲人，鳥聲婉轉(zhuǎn)，流水潺潺。這就是松潘縣的黃龍。
相傳在中國古代氣洪水肆虐，人民苦不堪言。大禹決心治水，但船不能行氣有黃龍來為他負(fù)舟，于是導(dǎo)水成功。黃龍疲憊，未及回歸大海，死于眠山之下，因而其地就稱為黃龍。
黃龍風(fēng)景，自海拔近3600米處，沿山谷而下，逶迤3.5公里，地上覆蓋著一層淡黃色碳酸鈣沉積，形成大大小小的眾多水池，狀如梯田。池水澄清，呈淡藍(lán)、淡綠各色。遠(yuǎn)看宛如黃龍俯臥，粼光閃閃。兩旁森林，全是高大云杉。林間地上，多奇花異草，或藍(lán)或白，或紅或紫，燦爛如繽紛。
山谷頂端，殘留著一座道教建筑，名“黃龍古寺”。據(jù)松潘縣志記載，該建于明代(公元1368一1644年)。寺前有一溶洞，深邃莫測。寺后有一石碑，除碑檐外，幾乎全被碳酸鈣沉積淹沒，碑文已不可辨認(rèn)。看來，這400來年的沉積速度是相當(dāng)可觀的'。每年農(nóng)歷六月為黃龍寺廟會期，方圓幾百里及至青海、甘肅的藏、羌、回、漢各族人民也前來趕會。屆時，帳篷連營，人馬喧騰，歌舞相雜，十分熱鬧。
part 2
Life on Earth
Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billion years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life’s transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.
What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils--relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plats first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.
Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at the sediments below this Silurian-Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.
These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our views about the nature of the early plant and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms.
Key
在地球形成不到十億年的時間后，生命就起源于早期的海洋了。然而(按照以前通行的觀點)，要再過30億年，第一批動植物才出現(xiàn)在大陸上。或許，正如生命的起源一樣，生命從海洋向陸地的過渡，同樣在進(jìn)化論上受到質(zhì)疑。
什么形式的生命能使其生活方式發(fā)生如此驚人的變化?對于第一批登陸的生物，傳統(tǒng)的觀點是建立在巨化石基礎(chǔ)上的，這些巨化石是一些基本上完整的'動植物的較大標(biāo)本。與現(xiàn)代種子植物和蕨類植物有種屬相關(guān)的微管植物，留下了一批巨化石記錄。因此，人們可以推測，生命登陸的次序反映了現(xiàn)代陸生系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)化。按照這種觀點，維管植物首先移居到大陸水域的周邊，其次是以這種植物為食的動物，最后是吃這種食草動物的動物。而且，巨化石也表明(提示)，在四億多年前的志留紀(jì)和盆泥紀(jì)之間的期間(在志留紀(jì)和盆泥紀(jì)之間的期間，即四億多年前)，陸生生命已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，種類也急劇增加。
但是最近，古生物學(xué)家一直對志留紀(jì)-盆泥紀(jì)抵制界限以下的積淀物進(jìn)行更為周密的調(diào)查。結(jié)果表明，將巖石放在一些盛有酸的容器里，一些化石就能從這些沉淀物中離析出來。這項技術(shù)從古海洋岸邊的沉積物中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的證據(jù)——植物的微小化石以及在顯微鏡才可以看得見的小動物的碎片。多數(shù)情況下，標(biāo)本的直徑不足1/10微米。盡管他們在巖石中埋藏了數(shù)億年，許多化石仍遺留有生物體的有機(jī)物質(zhì)。
這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石不僅揭示了先前不為人質(zhì)的有機(jī)體的存在，也將多細(xì)胞生物進(jìn)居陸地的時間向前推移。我們對早期動植物群體(群落)本質(zhì)的看法正得以修正，隨之而來的是對第一批陸生生命的新推斷。
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