英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力短文《天花的歷史》
在英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力里，短文聽(tīng)力是難度較大的一種，因此，考生可以在日常的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力里多進(jìn)行一些短文聽(tīng)力，強(qiáng)化自己這方面的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力能力。下面，小編就為大家送上一篇英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力短文，供大家參考。
In Shakespeare’s day, wishing a pox on someone was a terrible curse. Ten percent of the population in 17th century London died gruesomely of smallpox, a virus spread easily by airborne particles or contaminated clothing. Infection began with fever, aches, sneezing, and nausea. Soon a rash of red dots appeared, often covering the skin with dripping scabs. Though some recovered, people could become blind, deaf, or severely scarred from smallpox.
在莎士比亞時(shí)代，詛咒某人得天花是非常惡毒的。在17世紀(jì)的倫敦，有百分之十的人死于天花這種恐怖的疾病,這是一種可以通過(guò)空氣和被污染的衣服傳播的病 毒。患者被感染后的前驅(qū)癥狀是發(fā)燒、疼痛、打噴嚏和惡心。隨后很快出現(xiàn)紅色斑丘疹，而后通常會(huì)發(fā)展成皮膚上的滴痂。盡管有些人病愈了，但是他們會(huì)因此失去 聽(tīng)覺(jué)、雙目失明或者留下很深的疤痕。
None of the physicians’ attempts to treat smallpox with sheep manure or a golden needle helped at all. But European peasants and traditional healers in Africa and Asia had discovered that exposure to a very small dose of the virus offered some protection.
當(dāng)時(shí)的內(nèi)科醫(yī)生嘗試用羊糞或金針幫助治療天花，但是毫無(wú)作用。但是歐洲的農(nóng)民和非洲及亞洲的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)師發(fā)現(xiàn)，感染極少量的天花病毒會(huì)帶給人體一定的免疫作用。
Traditional healers inoculated scratches in the skin with a small amount of pus infected with smallpox. About one in 200 people died from this procedure, but most became mildly sick, recovering in a few days. In the process, they gained immunity to the disease.
傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)師通過(guò)給正常人注射天花患者的少量膿液來(lái)進(jìn)行預(yù)防接種。這種治療方法的死亡率是兩百分之一，但是大多數(shù)人癥狀輕微，會(huì)在幾天內(nèi)恢復(fù)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，他們獲得了對(duì)天花病毒的免疫力。
Because smallpox inoculation exposed people to such a tiny dose of the virus, it caused far fewer deaths than the natural spread of the disease. Still, London physicians were skeptical of anything peasants or traditional healers did. Not until fashionable Lady Mary Wortley Montagu returned from Turkey did it catch on with the upper classes.
因?yàn)榻臃N天花疫苗時(shí)使用的病毒劑量是非常微小的,它所導(dǎo)致的死亡和天花的自然傳播相比是微不足道的。不過(guò),倫敦醫(yī)生對(duì)農(nóng)民和傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)師的這種治療方法仍舊持懷疑態(tài)度。直到瑪麗•沃爾特利•孟塔古從土耳其回國(guó)后，這種治療方法才在上流社會(huì)中流行起來(lái)。
Having observed Turkish healers, Lady Mary had her son inoculated in London and published a pamphlet explaining the procedure. Soon, even physicians saw that inoculation gave people a better chance of contracting a mild case of smallpox, preventing many deaths.
通過(guò)觀察土耳其醫(yī)師的治療方法,瑪麗夫人讓她的兒子接受了預(yù)防接種，并且在倫敦出版了一個(gè)小冊(cè)子來(lái)解釋這種治療過(guò)程。很快，甚至是那些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生也注意到這種接種方法只會(huì)讓人們出現(xiàn)輕微的天花癥狀，它拯救了很多人的性命。
附：提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的技巧
對(duì)話模式的聽(tīng)力要抓重點(diǎn)在英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力考試中，我們遇到最多的就是對(duì)話模式的，通常是一男一女的對(duì)話，在高級(jí)的考試中的對(duì)話速度都是非常的快的，那么怎樣在對(duì)話模式中抓住重點(diǎn)呢?每一段對(duì)話或是文章都會(huì)有一到兩個(gè)是主題句，這個(gè)中心點(diǎn)無(wú)論是在英語(yǔ)考試中還是在英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力考試中都是不變的。所以主題句的所在可以說(shuō)是制勝的關(guān)鍵，你可以不理解那段話，只要你理解主題句，就是對(duì)話的重點(diǎn)。主題句常常在對(duì)話的開(kāi)頭，對(duì)整篇對(duì)話的大意起到概括和提示的作用，實(shí)際上是說(shuō)話人所談?wù)摰闹行脑掝};長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的第一題很可能針對(duì)對(duì)話的開(kāi)頭提問(wèn)。結(jié)尾處往往涉及到建議、決定或某種行為等，它對(duì)整個(gè)對(duì)話起到一個(gè)總結(jié)的作用。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的最后一題經(jīng)常是針對(duì)對(duì)話的結(jié)尾設(shè)題，故留意結(jié)尾回合中的關(guān)鍵動(dòng)詞就成了解題的關(guān)鍵。
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